How to Grow and Care for Living Stones

Living stones (Lithops spp.), also known as pebble plants, are unusual little succulent plants that have evolved to look like the pebbles and rocks of their native habitats in Africa. These plants hug the ground and grow extremely slowly. Living stones grow best in conditions that mimic their natural habitat, especially when it comes to providing light and water. The plants require about six hours of direct sunlight a day, extremely well-draining sandy soil, and average indoor room temperatures and humidity levels.

Living Stones Care

Here are the main care requirements for growing a low-maintenance living stone plant.

• Plant living stones in the spring or fall, before they enter a dormant state during the hot summer months or cold winter months.
• Place the plant in direct, bright sunlight. A living stone plant needs a lot of light so it can reach down into its subterranean leaves but make sure top leaves do not burn.
• Invest in an artificial grow light if necessary.
• Lightly water soil during spring and fall when it dries out but avoid watering these plants in summer and winter.

Light

Living stones prefer full sun year-round, meaning at least six hours of sunlight on most days. When growing these succulents indoors, place them by your brightest window (south-facing exposure is best). Insufficient light can cause elongated leaves, stretching, and poor leaf coloring. Stretching to reach for sunlight will hurt the plant since it doesn't have much of a stem, if any, above the soil.

Soil

These plants like sandy soil with plenty of drainage. A potting mix formulated for cacti is ideal for living stones, and the container should have several holes on the bottom for drainage. Avoid using organic matter in any mix for a living stone because the soil needs to dry out quickly.

Water

Living stones must be watered on a seasonal schedule that mimics the rainfall they would get in their natural habitat. Don’t water in summer or over the winter when the plant is dormant. Then drench the soil, allowing it to dry out completely before watering again—about 1-2 weeks. Once the new leaves begin forming in the spring, water whenever the soil dries out—just enough to make it slightly moist. Pause watering again in the summer during the plant's second dormant period. Resume watering in early fall, just before the plant is ready to flower. If the leaves start to completely shrivel up while the plant is dormant, you can give it a very small amount of water to plump them up again.

Temperature and Humidity

Living stones tolerate heat well, and they can survive temperatures as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit. They do fine in typical room temperatures between 65 and 80 degrees. Humidity usually isn’t an issue, as long as the soil doesn’t remain moist for long periods and there is good airflow around the plants.

Fertilizer

These plants live naturally in poor soil and aren't heavy feeders, but a low-nitrogen, high-potassium fertilizer helps encourage flowering.

Types of Living Stones

There are more than three dozen species of living stones and 140 varieties, including: 

• Lithops julii: This species has pinkish-gray leaves with brown markings. 
• Lithops gracilidelineata: Pale, gray-white leaves with brown markings look like cracks in the leaves’ surface of this variety.
• Lithops lesliei: This succulent has barely any stem above ground, and it features markings of green, pink, orange, gray, and brown.
• Lithops marmorata: This plant features smooth, gray-green leaves with a marbled pattern.

Pruning

While it's not necessary to prune the leaves of your living stones, it is helpful to remove dead leaves as needed. The few plump, succulent leaves above the surface of the soil will begin to shrivel when new leaves start growing after the plant's flowering season.

Propagating Living Stones

Living stones naturally multiply by growing new plants on their own in the same container. Once several plants are growing together, it's possible to propagate this species manually by division to prevent them from overtaking the pot. This process should be completed in the spring when the plants are actively growing. The division will create more clone-like offspring. Here's how:

1. Prepare new containers for each living stone that you plan to separate from the cluster. The containers should be deep enough to accommodate the plants' taproots, which can grow to about 6 inches long.
2. Carefully remove your living stones from the pot and gently separate the plants, taking care not to rip or damage any of their roots.
3. Using a clean pair of gardening shears, cut between each living stone. Make sure that each plant has an intact taproot.
4. Fill the new containers with a well-draining cactus soil mix, then place the individual living stones into their new pots.
5. Water the soil lightly and care for the plants the same way as described above.

How to Grow Living Stones From Seed

To produce seeds to harvest, living stone plants need to be hand-pollinated using a small, soft paintbrush to gently move pollen from one plant to another. Do this when they are in bloom and the flowers are open in the afternoon. Your living stones will produce flowers which will then fade into those seed pods that can be harvested to grow new plants after the flower dies back. The seeds will not produce clones but often unusual hybrids. Here's how:

1. Locate the seed pod on your living stone. Using a clean pair of gardening shears, trim the pod from the plant.
2. Submerge the pod in water or use a dropper to add a few drops of water to its exterior. The pod will begin to open. (In its natural habitat, rain causes the seed pod to open.)
3. Once the pod is open, use a toothpick or a pair of tweezers to gently scrape the seeds out from inside.
4. Prepare a new pot with a well-draining cactus soil mix. Moisten the soil with water.
5. Sprinkle the seeds from your living stones on the soil's surface and cover them with a thin coat of sand.
6. Water the container just often enough to keep the sand moist, but not soggy. Once the seeds sprout, begin watering them less often and care for the plants the same way as described above.

Potting and Repotting Living Stones

Even though these plants only rise about an inch above the soil, provide them with a pot that’s about 6 inches deep. This is because they have long taproots that stretch far down into the soil. The pot should also have ample drainage holes. An unglazed clay pot is ideal, as it allows excess water to evaporate through its walls. 

You likely won’t have to repot your living stones for many years since they grow so slowly. If you have several plants in a pot that are becoming cramped, carefully dig up each plant you want to repot, keeping its roots intact. Place it in a new pot that’s slightly deeper than the length of its roots, filling around it with fresh cactus potting mix.

Overwintering

Living stones can survive somewhat cold temperatures, so in warmer climates (USDA Hardiness Zones 10-11), these plants can grow outside year-round and even be planted directly in the ground. In colder regions of the country, it's best to bring your plants indoors for the winter, so they should be grown in portable containers. Once temperatures are consistently above 50 degrees Fahrenheit in the spring, your living stones can be taken back outside.

Common Pests and Plant Diseases

Overwatering can make a living stone plant more appealing to a few different types of pests. Spider mites are most common, but mealybugs, scale, thrips, and aphids can present problems, as well. Living stones planted in the ground outdoors or living in pots on your patio may also become targets for small mammals and pests like snails or slugs.

To treat spider mite infestations, mix rubbing alcohol and water in equal parts and mist it on your plants. Other pests on living stones can be treated with insecticidal soap.

Living stones are prone to root rot and fungal growth if the plants are improperly watered. They are highly tolerant of drought and too much water can kill them.

How to Get Living Stones to Bloom

Bloom Months

Living stones will flower when they reach around three years old and continue to rebloom yearly. Once they are ready to bloom, the plants will do so at some point when it is not too hot or cold, whether it's in the late spring, late summer, early fall, or early winter.

How Long Does a Living Stone Bloom?

A living stone flower will only last a few days, not weeks.

What Do Living Stone's Flowers Look and Smell Like?

Depending on what living stone plant you have, the flowers will look daisy-like with many petals that are yellow, pale orange, or white. You'll see them peek through the fissure between the leaves. Some living stone blooms have a subtle sweet fragrance, while others do not. The flowers tend to open on sunny days and close up when the sun goes down.

How to Encourage More Blooms

While fertilizer is not typically recommended for these plants, some gardeners choose to use a potassium-based fertilizer diluted in water to encourage blooming.

Caring for a Living Stone After It Blooms

These flowers eventually die off and leave seed pods behind if the flower was pollinated, so if you plan to harvest your plant's seeds, don't deadhead its flowers. Living stones are self-sterile, so they need pollination to produce seeds. After flowering, living stones go dormant—meaning it's time to stop watering the plant until spring. A new set of leaves appears in the spring, and the old leaves dry up and fall off.

Common Problems With Living Stones

Living stones are typically easy plants to tend, but they can also develop a few growing problems. This is most commonly related to improper light or water, which can be adjusted to keep your plants healthy.

Discolored or Pale Leaves

Your living stones may begin to lose their color when they're not receiving enough sunlight. Too little light can also cause the leaves to grow in an elongated shape as the plant reaches for the sun. In either of these cases, move your living stones to a spot with full sun to help resolve the issue.

However, if a living stone plant receives too much sunlight, it will quickly lose its color, turn pale, and begin to shrink. Sunburned leaves are usually fatal for young plants under a year old but you can try to remove the damaged leaves on older living stone plants.

Shriveled or Wrinkled Leaves

Living stones don't commonly have problems with too little water, although it's possible for them to develop shriveled or wrinkled leaves during the spring and fall when they're too dry while actively growing. Add just enough water to make your plant's soil slightly moist. Misting the soil—not the leaves—can also help ensure the plant isn't soaked.

Mushy Leaves

If your plant's leaves feel overly soft or mushy to the touch, it's likely receiving too much water. Always avoid watering during your plant's dormant seasons, and ensure the soil is moist (but never soggy) to the touch during spring and fall.